Lianghekou dam,the tallest concrete face rockfill dam in the world with 295m high,will completed in 2021. Computation analysis of concrete face rockfill dam under static. Because of the advantages of cfrds, including their adaptability to topography and geology, use of locally available materials, costeffectiveness, simple construction and short construction period, they have been quickly developed in recent decades, with. Despite the occurrence of some leakage problems, salt springs dam has been operating since 1931. A surface chute spillway on the right bank allows a maximum discharge of 19,450 m 3 s. Concrete face rockfill dams cfrds are now constructed with great frequency throughout the world 1. The comparison of rigid and flexible foundation on the behaviour of the dam. The dam site is in the northwest of huaping county, lijiang city, yunnan province, china, 62 km away from huaping, and 420 km away from kunming.
The concrete faced rockfill dam cfrd is an important dam type in the selection of high dams to be constructed in western china, owing to its. Threedimensional simulation of the construction process of. Paper open access application of ground penetrating radar in. The cfrd has been greatly advanced in china during the last 10 years.
Predicting crest settlement in concrete face rockfill dams. But still there is some crucial problems needed fbrther investigation. During the reservoir filling, the load of the water and deformations of the dam rockfill, force upstream concrete slab to deform. The objective of this paper is to investigate the seismic behavior of a concrete face rockfill dam built in a narrow canyon, placing special emphasis on the proper modeling of the slab. Constructing concrete faced rockfill dams cfrds with weak rocks has great advantages as a result of the use of local materials, costeffectiveness, extensive adaptability, simple construction. Paper open access surface deformation monitoring for a.
The displacements of the concrete face during the reservoir filling should not exceed the maximum allowed values in order to maintain the structural integrity of the concrete face. Numerical simulation of the seismic response of the. The concrete face rockfill dam cfrd will be 205 m in height, one of the highest in its type. Silvan dam and revisions to adapt for latest developments. Agrawal and jaganniwas india stung tasal dam project, combodia concrete faced rock fill dam with bitumen sheet in expose condition as water barriers in face slab joints shamsollah arianfar, ebrahim ghorbani and hossein jalali. Guide for design and construction of concrete face. Concrete face rockfill dams 1st edition paulo teixeira. Over the past two decades, many cfrds higher than 150 m and up to 240 m were built, such. An upper rail and a slip form winch working vehicle210 are installed on the top of a dam. Twelve chapters provide specialist information on concepts, designs, technical specifications, construction details, and instrumentation. In this paper, finite element method and limit equilibrium method are used to determine the most critical failure surface for zipingpu cfrd during the 2008 wenchuan earthquake in china. Empirical relations may become insufficient, however, as the height of the dam increases, or when geometric complexities are involved and coupled with complex loading conditions such as seismic loads. Guidelines for design high concrete face rockfill dam docx.
Concrete face rockfill dams presents the stateoftheart of dam design and construction. Settlement evaluation of a concrete face rockfill dam cfrd. The new dam that will form the upper reservoir at the taum sauk pump storage project near lesterville mo, usa, currently 2006 to 2009 under construction, is the largest rcc dam 2. Sep 27, 2010 concrete face rockfill dams presents the stateoftheart of dam design and construction. In addition, they have excellent safety features and economic. In the symposium proceedings, concrete face rockfill damsdesign.
Zone 3b resists water pressure and controls face deflection. Guide for design and construction of concrete face rockfill dam draft cfrd international society hereby organized cfrd experts from relative countries for comprehensive summing up the experiences of constructions of world concrete face rockfill dam cfrd and studied the technical problems occurred recent years in the constructions of world high and very high cfrds. The design details of concrete faced rockfill dams cfrds have depended extensively on empirical relations and experience. The new dam is replacing the original concrete face rockfill dike that failed catastrophically in december 2005.
In this paper, a new creep constitutive model for rockfill is introduced. Thus the water pressure imposed on the dam body varies significantly and the deformation patterns need to be grasped to ensure the dam safety. Concrete face rockfill dams cfrds undergo deformations during their construction and during reservoir filling. Numerical simulation of the seismic response of the zipingpu. The 84 m high dix river dam in kentucky and 101 m high salts springs dam in california are early high concrete face dams. First, the research on the effect of valley shape factor on. Pdf stress and deformation analysis of high concrete face. A prediction model for deformation behavior of concrete face. The outer slopes both upstream and downstream are 1,4. Numerical analysis of seepage for concrete face rockfill dam. Timedependent deformation in high concretefaced rockfill. The seepage barriers and antiseepage effect for the dam and foundation are analysed using the finite element method fem. This consulting guide presents details and analyses of twentyeight large crfd dams worldwide, including the highest dam in the world.
However, the creep analysis method of high cfrds in finite element software is few, and sometimes, it can also not reflect the longterm performance of high cfrds well. Issn 23046295 thermostressed state of rockfill dam concrete. During impounding, the rockfill deforms under the water pressure. Pdf predicting crest settlement in concrete face rockfill. Behavior of rockfill dam under complex terrain condition. Zeya dam is a concrete face rockfill dam and is built in the year of 1998. Understanding the behaviour of cfrds is critical to the design and. St2 concrete face rockfill dams authors country paper title r. Causes of cracking in reinforced concrete faces of rockfill dams. The concrete face rockfill dam cfrd has become a preferred dam type, but its design remains largely based on past experiences.
Oct 01, 2004 the rockfill volume of the dam body is about 18 million m 3 and the area of the concrete face is 173,000 m 2. The construction of cfrd involves placing the highergrade rock at the dam core, and compacting them to their maximum strength. Jul 01, 2020 this study addresses the seepage field characteristics of a concrete face rockfill dam cfrd built on a deep overburden foundation. This paper describes the setup of finite element method fem models for the three dimensional and two dimensional simulations of the construction of a concrete face rockfill dam and first filling of its reservoir using the codeaster code. The construction of cfrd involves placing the highergrade rock at the dam core, and. Guide for design and construction of concrete face rockfill. The concrete face will transfer the water pressure to the rocks and finally to the dam foundation. Apr 15, 2020 deformation characteristics of rockfill and stress condition of slabs play important roles in the safety of concrete face rockfill dam cfrd.
Concrete faced rockfill dams cfrd have been widely used for. Numerical modelling and computation methods of concrete. Concrete face rockfill dams concepts for partie 1 chap. Cfrd international society foreword the concrete face rockfill dam cfrd has been constructed widely all over the world now its stability, taking full advantage of local excavated materials and constructed simply, and economically, and best adaptability to geology and topography, operation. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2012, 445 cfrds had been built that were taller than 30m, of which 17 are higher than 150m.
Pdf planning and detailed engineering design of the 265m. Based on 87 case histories of inservice cfrds, the threshold regression theory. Abstract aikou rockfill dam with asphalt concrete core is situated in a karst area in chongqing city, china. Rockfill modulus and settlement of concrete face rockfill dams. Prediction of earthquakeinduced permanent deformations for.
Introduction concrete faced rockfill dams cfrds are one type of embankment dams that are built with compacted rockfill in layers or lifts and covered with concrete slabs at the upstream face as part of an impermeable. Zone 2 2a and 2b is concrete face slab supporting zones below the face slab. Concrete face rockfill dams 1st edition paulo teixeira da. Cfrd 2000, proceedings, international symposium on concrete. A prediction model for deformation behavior of concrete. A construction method of a cutoff wall of a concrete surface cutoff wall type rockfill dam is provided to obtain safety and reduce construction periods by simultaneously unloading and assembling a vertical reinforcing bar in a longitudinal direction of a truck. Stressstrain analysis of aikou rockfill dam with asphalt. The zipingpu dam is the only crfd higher than 150 m that has ever been subjected to such strong shaking, which caused obvious damage to the dam. A statistical model of deformation during the construction of.
Pdf design considerations of concrete face rockfill dam with a. Seepage control effect of a concrete face rockfill dam on. High concrete face rockfill dams cfrds with heights of over 100 m have been quickly developed in recent years. Plasticdamage analysis of concrete cutoff wall for a. Safety evaluation with observational data and numerical. Foundation preparation for rcc dams founded on difficult. Icold 2006, concrete face rock fill dams, concepts. Through in situ measurement records and numerical analysis, this work investigated the behaviour of a concrete cutoff wall for a concrete face rockfill dam built on an alluvium foundation. In this study an attempt has been made to investigate various aspects related to the structural analysis of concrete face rockfill dams. A study on concrete faced rockfill dams usq eprints. Since the beginning of the use of rockfill in dams, numerous breakthroughs have been achieved.
Jan 12, 2021 rapid prediction of deformation behaviors of concrete face rockfill dams cfrds is of great significance in guiding their design and construction. Concrete face rockfill dams design, construction, and performance. Pdf settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rockfill dam cfrd, kurtun dam, located in the east black sea region, turkey, is investigated. Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam cfrd is one of the tallest dams that have ever been subjected to strong earthquake shaking and recorded damages. Construction of the tallest rockfill dam in the world. Concrete faced rockfill dams, cfrd, is the term used to describe a certain type of dam that have a dam body of rockfills or gravel that is compacted in layers. Oct 28, 2010 the focus of the present study of a concrete. Dam slopes for upstream and downstream are designed as 1v. On rockfill concrete face dams design, construction and performance. The water level changes greatly over 30m in a single year.
Repair technology for joint damage of sealing cover plate of. Concrete face rockfill dams cfrds are becoming a widely used type of rockfill dam all over the world. Concrete faced rockfill dams cfrd have been widely used for multipurposes over the world. The treatment of the rock underneath the plinth and the injection of the grouting curtain deserve a careful analysis and specific attention for its realization. The upstream concrete face deforms as a result of the rockfill. Concrete face rockfill dam instrumentationmig0450b created date. Xu outlined the purposes of numerical modelling and computation methods of concrete face rockfill dam cfrd in four areas and they are as follows.
The objectives of this study are to research the influence of valley topography condition on the deformation and stress of a cfrd, especially with relevance to the behavior of face slab under complex terrain conditions. Pdf construction of concretefaced rockfill dams with weak. Cfrds are effective because of their adaptability to poor topographical, geological, and climatic conditions. The first rockfill dam known to use concrete facing was chatworth park dam which was constructed in california, in 1895. The selfweight of rockfill materials causes creep deformation of the dam body.
Issn 23046295 thermostressed state of rockfill dam. Zone 2 support the concrete faces processed granular materials. This article describes the general characteristics of the project and some of the field and lab works, as well as the studies and analysis performed to carry out the geotechnical design of the structure. Asce, pp 479508 chen s, han h 2009 impact of the 5.
The most popular type of rockfill dams used for the moment is the concrete face rockfill dam cfrd. Methods of concrete face rockfill dam on 26 november 2015 at tan sri prof. Titan slipform concrete paver for concrete faced rockfill dams. Pdf stress and deformation analysis of high concrete. Sep 19, 2020 the behavior of concrete face rockfill dam cfrd is more dependent on valley terrain than rockfill deformation. The papers point out that so far there are no sufficient monitoring data accumulated for high reinforced concrete dams, especially for the case of forceful earthquakes.
Zones 1 were designated for soils and impervious materials. Proceedings, second symposium on concrete face rockfill dams, brazilian committee on dams, florianopolis, brazil, october, 1999. In order to study the operative conditions of the rockfill dam, especially those of the asphalt concrete core, the duncan model is adopted to compute the stress and strain of both the rockfill dam and the asphalt concrete core after karst grouting and other treatments. Concrete face rockfill dams, 2010, 406 pages, paulo. The concrete face rockfill dam is, among all types of dams, the one which gives rise to the highest hydraulic gradient across the rock foundation. Feb 26, 2021 concrete face rockfill dam with a crest elevation of 275. Cfrds are constructed of permeable rockfill, the impermeable membrane being a concrete slab constructed on the upstream face of the dam wall figure 15. Cooby dam is a 32 m high concrete faced rockfill dam constructed in the 1930s. Mitigation measures evaluation for concrete faced rockfill. Pdf analysis of overburden layer thickness influence on. Pdf on jan 16, 2019, z erkay and others published design considerations of concrete face rockfill dam with a high cutoff wall find, read. During construction, the rockfill settles and compacts until the endofconstruction stage.
A concrete face rockfill dam cfrd is a type of dam that uses rockfill as the support structure and an upstream surface concrete face as the anti. The nn2 concrete face rockfill dam cfrd has the lowest foundation level at 199. Longterm settlement of high concreteface rockfill dam by. Concrete face rockfill dam cfrd project which is currently under construction located in sarawak, malaysia as the second highest cfrd in the world when completed. The use of vibratoryrollers has revolutionized the way this type of dam was built and substantially increased its performance. For the cfrd, an impervious concrete slab is utilized on the upstream face of underlying rockfill body to provide watertightness. Seepage simulation of high concretefaced rockfill dams based on. Settlement evaluation of a concrete face rockfill dam cfrd using a back analysis method based on measurement results a case. Pdf deformation of the nam ngum 2 concrete faced rockfill. Concrete faced rockfill dams cfrds zones 1a and 1b protect the upstream concrete faces usually cohesionless silt or fine sand. Asphalt concrete faced rockfill dammapping and condition assessment of the upstream impervious layer. This report compares two different dam types roller compacted concrete dam and concrete face rock fill dam in order to help the decision making when choosing what dam type to build in panama, where vattenfall is involved in a joint venture to build a dam called changuinola ii.
Cfrds are effective because of their adaptability to poor topographical. Computation analysis of concrete face rockfill dam under. Concrete face rockfill dam compared to roller compacted. Deformation of the nam ngum 2 concrete faced rockfill dam. The dam construction was followed by constructing a timber faced dumped rockfill dam that had been started in 1850 fell et al. Seepage control effect of a concrete face rockfill dam on a. Additionally, the main design features a conventional plinth on a roller compacted concrete. The report is dedicated to the numerical investigation problems of system of the rockfill dam with reinforced concrete screen its foundation being under static. To solve this problem, the threedimensional finite.
Most cases for the leakage of cfrds occur on the concrete slab. Thermostressed state of rockfill dam concrete face at reservoir impoundment 2020. Zone 1 1a and 1b is concrete face slab protection zone in the upstream of face slab. Technical progress on researches for the safety of high concrete. This report compares two different dam types roller compacted concrete dam and concrete face rockfill dam in order to help the decision making when choosing what dam type to build in panama, where vattenfall is involved in a joint venture to build a dam called changuinola ii.
Concrete faced rockfill dams cfrds are an effective and commonly used type of dam. China, the tallest 233 m concrete face rockfill dam in the world. Drujinin4 summary the report is dedicated to the numerical investigation problems of system of the rockfill dam with reinforced concrete screen its foundation being under static and seismic action. Concrete face rockfill dams had its origin in the mining region of serra nevada in california in the 1850s icold, 2010. Pdf a study on concrete faced rockfill dams semantic scholar. The 1a material located on the face slab was specified as impervious material while zone 1b was a material, rondon type, for confining 1a material against face slab. One of the important tasks in present hydraulic engineering is working out safe structural designs of embankment dams for construction highhead dam projects. Slipform concrete paver for concrete faced rockfill dams tr. The cfrd is a major type of rockfill dam that consists of cushion, transition, main rockfill, and secondary rockfill zones. The tunnel in the right abutment is for emptying reservoir in operation. Underwater leakage detection and rehabilitation for. The dam is a concrete face rockfill dam, with a crest elevation of 2201. A reinforced concrete slab is then constructed at the upstream face of the dam. Thermostressed state of rockfill dam concrete face at reservoir impoundment.
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